全光照下的白兰移至浓荫处为何落叶掉苞?
把全光照条件下的植株搬到浓阴遮蔽处,植株短时问内出现落叶掉苞现象,其主要原因是过度荫蔽。白兰花原产于印度尼西亚、爪哇,性喜阳光充足、温暖潮湿和通风良好的环境,但不耐阴,也不耐酷热和暴晒。在光照充足的条件下,气温25~30℃,对其生长和开花最为有利。
叶片全负荷进行光合作用能产生足够的营养来供给植株的生长和孕蕾开花,而恰好在此时将其搬到葡萄架或庭院中树的浓荫下,这里光照时间和强度仅为全光照的20%左右,况且通风条件又差,使白兰花叶片不能进行正常的光合作用,勉强制造的少量有机物也只能维持白兰端部嫩叶的生存,下部的叶片因得不到营养而处于饥饿状态,稍过一段时间也只能是枯黄脱落,枝条上孕生出的花朵也会因营养不良而停止发育,最后干枯脱落。
补救的方法是:不能马上将其搬到光照充足的场所,否则易造成其嫩叶被灼伤,甚至全株死亡;从上午10点到下午3点可仍旧让其处在荫棚下,其余时间可搬放到露地,每天接受6~7个小时的光照,并加强水肥管理,经一个星期至两个星期的适应性锻炼后,即可恢复全光照养护。到了盛夏酷暑时节,才有必要给予正午前后3~4小时的遮荫。
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