梅花主干内出现桃红颈天牛如何识别与防治?
危害梅桩的桃红颈天牛,每2~3年发生一代,以幼虫在蛀食的虫道内越冬。成虫6~11月出现,长2.5~4.0厘米,前胸为深红色,其余为黑色,且具光泽。白天静伏于干枝上或爬行,或交尾,卵产于被其咬伤的枝干裂口中。7月中下旬卵孵化,幼虫在干皮下蛀食,长大后蛀入木质部,并从排粪孔中排出大量红褐色锯末状虫粪,严重时主干被蛀空,植株枯死。幼虫体长4-5厘米,初为乳白色,老熟略带黄色,前胸背板前缘中间有一棕褐色长方形突起,以第二年的幼虫7~10月危害最为突出。其捕杀和防治法如下:
(1)钩杀幼虫。7~10月间,发现梅桩基部有大量红褐色锯末状虫粪排出时,先将梅桩基部的土掏去一些,使虫孔完全外露,再用直径0.1~0.2厘米的铁丝从蛀道将幼虫挑出刺死。
(2)注射农药。如果虫道深曲,不易挑出其幼虫,可用注射器往虫道里注入内吸剂农药,再用湿泥土封闭洞口,可杀死虫道中的幼虫。注意尽量不用乐果、敌敌畏等,以免发生药害而导致落叶。
(3)毒签毒杀。找出桩干处的虫孔,将虫屎挑空,每个虫孑L插入1—5根毒签,一般虫孔方向朝下,毒签应朝下插堵,插不进去的毒签部分可折断,外口用湿液堵住,杀虫效果特好。
(4)树干涂白。成虫产卵期到来前,梅桩基部给予涂白,既可防止成虫在树干基部产卵,也可预防幼虫潜入为害。若在树干基部发现有成虫,必须立即杀死。
(5)石硫合剂防腐。对桃红颈天牛危害严重的梅桩,除应杀灭其幼虫外,还应在于蔸上涂抹石硫合剂,以防被蛀主干木质部外露造成腐烂,也可减少天牛幼虫的再度侵入。
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