南天竹播种为什么长时间不出苗?
南天竹种子为种胚发育不完全的生理后熟型种子,必须经过长时间的保湿沙藏催芽,才能促使其种胚长至正常大小后再发芽。宜于1~2月间采收充分成熟且即将脱落的饱满果实,将其与粗沙拌和后搓揉去果皮果肉,漂浮去空瘪的种粒,即可得到纯净的种子。
将种子与湿润的细沙以1:3的比例混合后,贮放于小缸或大花盆中,始终保持种粒湿润。如发现沙粒发白变干后,可通过喷水增加湿度。每隔半月翻检一次,防止种粒出现霉变。约到9月份,种子方可裂口露白,再将其播种于做好的苗床上。
一般行距为15~20厘米,沟宽10厘米,沟深5~8厘米,种粒间距1~2厘米,轻覆薄土,盖土厚约0.5~1.0厘米,以不见种粒为度,随后覆草保湿。约过2周,即有70%的种粒出土,分2~3次揭去覆草,搭棚遮荫,加强水肥管理,当年生苗高可达5~6厘米。
冬季适当防寒,次年留床再培育一年,第二年方可扩距移栽,实生苗需4~5年方可开花结果。为了避免贮藏种子的麻烦,也可直接将采收的红果,不经处理播种于苗床上,沟宽10~15厘米,沟深5~8厘米,行距20~25厘米,覆盖火烧土4~5厘米,并覆草保湿,约到9月份以后才能出苗,在此期间必须保持苗床湿润。
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