榔榆叶片上长“红果”的原因?
春天榔榆树桩的叶片长上出许多绿色或红色的小鼓疱,直经在0.5~1.0厘米左右,不少花卉盆景爱好者分不清这些囊状物是虫害还是病害,防治更是无从下手。其实榔榆叶片上春季长出的球状物,一是由秋四脉绵蚜刺吸危害引起的囊状虫瘿。
该虫全国各地均有发生,危害榔榆、白榆及禾木科植物。它为转主寄生昆虫,主要危害榆树,转主寄主主要是禾本科植物,如高粱、谷子及某些杂草。每年发生10多代,以卵在榔树、白榆的树皮缝隙中越冬。翌年4月越冬卵孵化出干母危害榆树叶片,初呈红色斑,以后形成虫瘿,后在虫瘿中孤雌胎生干雌。
干雌发育成成蚜后,产生迁移蚜,于5月底至6月初破囊迁飞到禾本科植物的根部,为根部的主要害虫,每株根部少则数百头,多达数千头,呈葡萄状排列寄生在根部刺吸汁液,反复进行孤雌生殖,至秋季植株枯萎、环境条件变化,9~10月有翅性母(乔蚜)发育成成蚜,再次飞迁到榆树上,产生性蚜;性蚜交尾产卵于榆树向阳、背风面及四年生榆树干、权裂缝中。
防治方法:
①在初病夏虫瘿未裂口前及时摘去虫瘿销毁,控制其蔓延:
②在翌年越冬卵孵出干母并开始危害榆树嫩叶时和晚秋有翅性母回迁至榆树上产生性蚜时,用40%的速扑杀乳油1500倍液喷杀。
③清除榆桩周围的禾木科杂草,破坏其正常生活和繁衍后代所必需的转主寄生环境。
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