怎样将土栽梅花改为无土栽培?
无土栽培干净、方便、不污染环境,近年来越来越受到花卉爱好者的欢迎。梅花是多年生的植物,一次种植可以多次开花,可以将这种多年生的花卉改为无土栽培。花谢后早春2~3月结合换土将土栽盆梅改为无土盆栽,或从市场买梅苗后,改为无土盆栽。土栽梅花改为无土栽培,在定植前需要做一些准备工作:
(1)磕盆取土,洗净根系上的泥土。
(2)选择适宜的栽培方式。梅花怕积水,要求排水通畅,可以选用较易排水的栽培基质,如珍珠岩等。
(3)修剪。家庭无土盆栽梅花,无论春节开花的催花栽培,还是春节过后开花,花谢后都应进行短剪。每个枝条只留3厘米,留2~3个花芽,剪去过密枝、徒长枝,病枝和位置不当的枝条也要剪掉。一般枝条下垂的品种,应留内芽,枝条直立和斜生的品种应留外芽。秋后再次修剪,入冬前凡有花芽的枝条,还要进行1次修剪,一般枝条保留10厘米长。
(4)定植。将上述备好的梅苗定植于珍珠岩为基质的花盆里,花盆口径为20厘米左右的普通塑料花盆或仿古陶瓷花盆。
(5)春季定植后的管理。春季定植后梅花开始营养生长,为了促发新枝,枝繁叶茂,为6月以后的生殖生长阶段花芽的分化奠定基础,要加强肥水管理。定植后第1次浇营养液应均匀浇透,盆底托盘内要见到渗出液为止。平日补液,每周1次,随着气温的升高增至2次,每次100~200毫升;平日补水应保持基质湿润,表层基质要见湿见干,不干不浇。为防止春季干燥,引起黄叶落叶,花盆上可套塑料袋保湿。定植后放在阳台上,也可放在室外不加托盘,但应预防早春低温寒害。
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