怎样做好无土栽培梅花的夏季和冬季管理?
6月以后梅花进入花芽分化阶段,在此期间高温多雨、湿度大,要防止枝条徒长影响花芽分化,需要见湿见干,表层基质不干不浇。梅花花芽分化期也和其他花卉一样需肥较多,所以,此时应增加补液次数,每周两次,每次100~200毫升,保证花芽分化期有足够养分。这样,若管理得当,秋季落叶后,花芽饱满,入冬后显露出绿豆大小的花蕾。无土盆栽梅花放在室外期间,花盆应加塑料覆盖,以防落人灰尘和冲淡营养液影响pH值稳定。
冬季梅花可耐零下20℃低温,但在入室前低温休眠期间要少浇水或不浇水,只要保持基质潮湿即可,为防止水大烂根,补液次数要减少一半,改为半月浇1次,每次100~200毫升。从入室后要加强肥水管理,补液次数增至每周2次,每次100~200毫升,供给开花期以充足养分,使之开花艳丽、花大。
无土盆栽梅花秋后落叶后,华北地区11月中旬移入室内,保持0~2℃,可早春开花。但是为春节开花,要采用催花栽培,即在春节前25~30天,将盆梅置于室内阳光充足处,温度保持16~18℃;要经常给梅株喷水,加强光照或补光(40瓦日光灯从晚上5~10点),1周后要提高温度,可保持20~25℃;并且可用“920”每升300毫克涂抹花蕾,加速开花进程。此间已11月下旬,正值北方供暖期,一般家庭室内温度可保持在15~20℃或25℃,这样春节就可以开花了。
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