为什么说春兰重在秋养?
春兰在2~3月问开花,清香袭人,其花芽一般均在上年夏末秋初形成并出土;而春兰在初秋的生理状态,因经过漫长的夏季高温闷热环境,往往会出现盆土板结、根部腐烂、叶片黄萎等现象。有的秋季孕蕾良好,但到春天却不开花。所以要使春兰开好花,关键在于秋养。具体措施如下:
(1)平时的养护管理,特别在花芽分化前后,要适当增加光照,并施加磷、钾肥,可使植株长大、长壮。这样有利于越冬,有利于翌春开花。
(2)秋季正是孕蕾期,熬过酷暑,植株生长处于疲惫状态,可将萎缩不振的兰株小心挖出,彻底清除霉根以及黄萎的病叶、枯尖,用灭菌灵粉剂1 000稀释液浸泡5分钟后晾干,载人土内,稍露鳞茎,用小水浸灌定根。
(3)秋季较干旱,但春兰孕蕾,喜湿润凉爽,若土壤湿度或空气湿度不足,对生长不利,若偏干则易叶子枯黄和易落蕾,所以秋季应适当增加浇水量,并经常向叶面喷雾。至秋分前后,可施腐熟的稀薄液肥,适当掺些草木灰水,并向叶面喷施0.2%磷酸二氢钾等,有利于根、茎、花芽的生长发育。另外,还可在盆面铺一层青苔,以保持兰花盆土湿润和叶面清洁。
(4)春兰的生理特性是在形成花芽后,需要一个冷凉的环境逐渐生长发育,到春天才能长出正常的花枝并伸长开花。所以,自深秋起,包括越冬期,应保持在低温0℃左右。否则,反而发育不良,甚至发生病害。
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