文心兰的养殖方法
文心兰的养殖方法,文心兰原产于美洲热带地区,但分布范围很广,热带、亚热带、暖温带,甚至寒带都可找到其踪影,不同气候条件下生存的文心兰,其生态习性差异很大。厚叶型的种类较喜欢暖热,近似卡特兰与蝴蝶兰,宜在热带、亚热带地区的平原地带栽培;而薄叶型的种类较喜冷凉,偶然有通风不佳即感闷热,易患病,且易出现叶片黄化萎缩。冬季应注意保温,以免发生寒害。文心兰花期不固定,植株生长成熟即能开花。
文心兰可盆栽欣赏,也可吊植装饰。盆栽介质可单独使用细蛇木屑,也可用细蛇木屑混合水苔栽培。上盆栽培时,盆底应用碎瓦片垫底,约占栽培介质的1/3左右。每隔1~2年需换盆1次,开花株可在花谢时换盆,而未开花的个体株换盆可选择在早春或秋季进行。吊植则需使用蛇木板、蛇木柱或木块等材料。
文心兰对光照的要求和卡特兰相似,可用竹片、木条或遮光网等调节光照,遮光率约需40%~50%,冬季最好再提高些,以利于成株开花。至于生长适温,厚叶型的种类约为18~25℃,低于12℃要防止发生寒害;薄叶型的种类为10~22℃,甚至有更耐寒的品种。
对于水分管理,除了介质干时要及时浇水外,空气的湿度也很重要,若在屋顶、阳台等处栽培文心兰,则应设法提高空气湿度,进入冬季后则需逐渐减少浇水,促进开花。文心兰的施肥除可将缓效性的粒肥置于介质中外,平常每隔10~15天喷施1次水溶性速效肥,浓度宜掌握在加水1 500~2 000倍左右。生长旺盛期亦使用完全肥,生长后期则需要逐渐增加磷、钾肥,以促进花芽分化和开花,以上就是关于文心兰的养殖方法的介绍。
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