家庭花卉养殖培养土的配制
盆花种类繁多,原产地不同,对盆土的要求也不尽相同。根据各类花卉的要求,应将所需材料按一定比例进行混合配制。一般盆花常规培养土的配制主要有3类,其配制比例是:
1.疏松培养土园土2份、腐叶土6份、河沙2份。
2.中性培养土园土4份、腐叶土4份、河沙2份。
3.黏性培养土园土6份、腐叶土2份、河沙2份。
可根据不同花卉种类的要求,选用不同类型的培养土。一般幼苗及肉质多浆类,宜选用疏松培养土;宿根、球根类宜选用中性培养土;木本类、桩景宜选用黏性培养土。
在配制培养土时,还应考虑施入一定数量的有机肥作基肥。基肥的用量应根据花卉种类、植株大小而定。基肥应在使用前一个月与培养土混合。
配制培养土的材料在使用前必须进行消毒,以杀灭病菌及害虫。夏季消毒,一般是将配制培养土的材料摊在水泥场地上,曝晒10天左右,即利用高温、紫外线杀死病菌和害虫,达到消毒的目的,也可用50%的甲醛或0.5%的高锰酸钾进行消毒。
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