花卉繁殖分哪几种?
花卉繁殖方法可分为有性繁殖、无性繁殖、单性繁殖和组织培养繁殖四类。有性繁殖也称种子繁殖。是通过花的雌雄性器官作用,即花粉和胚珠结合而形成种子,用其繁殖后代。
由种子产生的实生苗根系强大,有利水分和养分的吸收,生长发育健壮,寿命长,对不良环境的适应能力较强,在品种间的自然杂交中还容易出现变异而产生新品种,常用于草本花卉。木本花卉很少用种子繁殖,主要原因是有性繁殖开花晚而且多不能保持母体的优良特性。
无性繁殖又称营养繁殖。它是利用花卉的营养器官根、茎培育新植株的方法。无性繁殖常用的方法有分株、扦插、压条、嫁接。它的优点是成苗快、开花早,能保持母本的优良性状。但无主根形成,根系在土中分布较浅。
单性繁殖蕨类花卉没有两性生殖器官,除经常采用分株繁殖法外,还可利用其叶背面生出的孢子进行单性繁殖。
组织培养繁殖是用花卉的组织或细胞在无菌的条件下接种到一定的培养基上,经培养、诱导分化再生成独立植株。获得的新植株带有母体的全部遗传信息,这是因为植物细胞在生理上、发育上具一种“全能性”。组织培养法是用植物体细胞的繁殖而获得后代,像扦插繁殖一样,不用受精的性细胞繁殖。
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