怎样对花卉进行扦插繁殖?
叶插即用植株叶片作扦插处理,如将非洲紫罗兰叶插于土中或泡于水中均可在叶柄处长出根来。叶芽插用一枚叶片附着叶芽及少许茎扦插的一种插法。茎可在芽上附近切断,芽下留长一些,这样生长势强,生根壮。一般插穗以3厘米长为宜。橡皮树、花叶万年青、茶花等可采用此法繁殖。
枝插硬枝扦插:落叶后或翌春萌芽前,选择成熟健壮、组织充实、无病虫害的一二年生枝条中部,剪成10厘米左右长,3~4个节的插穗,剪口要靠近节间,上端剪成斜口,以利排水,插入土中。
软枝扦插:用当年生嫩枝插。剪取枝条长7~8厘米,下部叶剪去,留上部少数叶片,然后扦插,如菊花、一品红、天竺葵、海棠等。
半硬枝插:取当年生半成熟枝梢8厘米左右,去掉下部叶片留上部叶片2枚,插入土中1/2~2/3即可,如桂花、月季等。根插用根插时,根越大其再生能力越强,可将根剪为5~10厘米长,斜插或水平埋插,使发生不定芽和须根,如芍药、腊梅、牡丹、非洲菊、雪柳、柿树、核桃树、圆叶海棠等都可采用根插。
扦插后的管理主要是勿过早见强光,遮荫浇水,保持湿润。根插及硬枝插管理较为简单,勿使受冻即可。软枝、半硬枝插,宜精心管理,保持盆±湿润,以防失水影响成活。发根后逐步减少灌水,增加光照,新芽长出后施液肥一次,植株成长后方可移植。此外,在整修管理过程中,要注意病虫害防治和除草松土。
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