花卉扦插后如何进行管理?
影响扦插成活的环境因素主要是温度、湿度、光照、通气条件及扦插基质等,扦插后管理是否适当,直接影响到插穗的成活率。
①温度温度对扦插生根的影响很大,不同种类的花卉,要求不同的扦插温度。一般插条生根的温度要比栽培时所需温度高2~3℃,插条在15~20℃较易生根,喜高温的温室花卉统统要在25℃~30℃时生根。土壤温度如能比气温高3~6℃时,可促进插条根的迅速发生。
②湿度扦插后要注意使插床保持湿润状态,创造既湿润而又能通气的土壤湿度。软材扦插时,要维持空气中较高的相对湿度,最好能保持相对湿度在80%~90%,以防止插条和保留的叶片发生凋萎,并依靠一些绿色枝叶制造养分供发根的需要。因此,要经常向插床内喷雾,并用塑料薄膜覆盖进行保湿,以减少插条的水分蒸发。在愈伤组织形成前,适当多浇水,以后逐渐少浇。
③阳光光照时间的长短和强弱,对插条生根力影响很大,日照较长比13照短的生根能力强。插条以接受散射光为好,强烈的阳光对插穗成活不利。温度过高,蒸发量大,会导致插条枯萎,因此,扦插初期给予适度遮荫,约保持50%的透光率,阴天可不遮。当根系生出后,再逐渐给予充足的阳光。
④通气插条生根时,细胞分裂旺盛,呼吸作用增强,需要充足的氧气,选用通气性良好的土壤,并适量喷水,中午气温高时,可打开部分薄膜,进行通风换气,有利迅速发根生长。
⑤扦插基质在露地进行硬枝扦插,可在含水量较高的肥沃沙壤土中进行。嫩枝扦插可在水、素沙、蛭石及珍珠岩、炉渣、泥炭中进行。扦插基质应疏松并具有良好的通气条件,不含有机肥料和其他容易发霉的杂质,并能保持一定的湿度。插条根系长出后,应尽早移植,否则会因基质养分供给不足,使插穗叶片发黄变老,影响以后的生长发育。
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