给花浇水有哪些方法?
①用浇水壶浇水
浇水壶是给给花浇水的专用工具,使用方便,浇水量容易掌握。如果水的硬度大,最好尽量不要把水浇在叶面上,以免时间长了会在叶面上积累白色的矿物质,影响美观。如能储备到雨水进行浇灌最好。浇水时水温和室温应基本一致,如果水温低于室温太多,浇水以后对植物会有不利影响,叶片上积水又不能很快蒸发,时间一长就会出现坏死斑或黄斑。许多盆栽花卉叶面不能积水,否则易引起叶片腐烂,如大岩桐、蟆叶秋海棠、非洲紫罗兰、荷包花等,其叶面有密集的茸毛,不宜叶面喷水,尤其不应傍晚叶面喷水。有些花卉的花芽和嫩叶不耐水湿,如仙客来的花芽、非洲菊的叶芽,水湿太久易腐烂。墨兰、建兰叶片常发生炭疽病,感染后叶片损害严重,发现病害时,应停止叶面喷水。其他花卉也有类似现象。
②浸水
把花盆放入水槽或浅水缸内,水深微低于盆土土面,让水自盆底部的排水孔渗入盆土中。此法主要用于小粒种子播种后和小苗分苗后的花盆灌水,浸水可避免将小粒种子或幼苗冲跑,也可以减少从上浇水后引起的土面板结。浸泡将整个植物浸在水中,使植物的根系和基质全部浸透水,大部分热带和亚热带的附生花卉,如热带附生兰科植物、蕨类、部分凤梨花卉等,栽植在木筐、多孔花盆内,其栽培底料多为疏松的蕨根、苔藓、树皮块等,浇水不易湿透。故除浇水外,应定期地浸泡灌水。
③喷水
向植物叶面喷水可以增加空气湿度,降低温度,冲洗掉花卉叶面上的尘土,有利于光合作用。但冬季和植物休眠期,要少喷或不喷。夏季天气炎热、干燥时适当喷水是有好处的,尤其是那些原产热带及亚热带林木,喜空气湿度高的耐阴植物更是如此。然而,一些怕水湿的花,就不能向叶面喷水,否则易引起腐烂。
④滴流法
在每个花盆中放人滴灌的灌头,根据计算定量给水,还可将肥料溶解在水中,随水施用。这样可避免水沾在叶面上,既干净,又能节水。
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