高温对花卉有何危害?
当气温超过植物所需温度的最高界限时,植物的正常生命活动就会受到阻碍,造成高温危害。超高温环境可使细胞中的蛋白质凝聚变性,叶绿体遭到破坏,光合作用减弱或停止,呼吸作用增强,养分积累和消耗的平衡关系遭到破坏,使植物的生长发育得不到充分的营养供给,而处于饥饿状态,长期如此,将会使植物因饥饿而造成死亡。
在气候干燥的情况下,气温过高还可影响植物根系的活动范围和吸水功能,使气孔失调,植物不能正常吸收水分,而蒸腾作用又加强,导致其体内水分大量散失,致使叶片和枝条枯死,并易引起幼花、幼树和新栽种的花木死亡。多数花卉植物一般在气温超过35℃时,根系的生理作用就减弱许多,气温达到35~40℃时,其生长发育处于停止状态,气温达到45℃以上,其细胞蛋白就凝聚变性,种子丧失发芽能力,并随时会死亡。
高温能影响花粉的成熟和分裂,导致其生活力减退,无法进行繁衍后代的生理功能,同时还可使花卉的花期缩短,叶色变浅,果实灼伤,枝十裂皮。在高温潮湿的气候条件下,还能使病虫的危害性增强,影响花卉的健康生长。
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