怎样促使难生根花木生根
促使难生根的桂花、玉兰、梅花、海棠、山茶等花木生根,除使用ABT生根粉、萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸等生长素类物质处理外,还可用其他方法促使花木生根。
①温水处理
用30~50℃的温水浸泡插条基部1/3~1/2,处理4~12小时,可使插穗内抑制生根物质减少,提高生根率。
②营养处理
将糖类与生长素并用,可取得较好的生根效果,通常为2%~10%的蔗糖和5~10毫克/升的生长素混合溶液,将插穗下部1~2厘米处浸入溶液12~24小时即可。草本花卉用2%~5%的蔗糖溶液和5~7毫克/升的生长素溶液;木本花卉用5%~10%的蔗糖溶液和7~10毫克/升的生长素溶液。处理完毕后,应用清水冲洗后再行扦插。还可用维生素B12溶液浸泡可加速生根,用维生素B12针剂加凉开水1倍稀释,将插条基部浸泡5分钟,稍晾后再行扦插。
③加温处理
可用电热温床催根,温度应保持在23~27℃,如果用盆插,冬季可将花盆放置在暖气片或火坑上,效果较好。
④环剥处理
常应用于较难生根的木本植物,在生长期将枝条基部作环状剥皮或用铁丝扎缚,使养分积聚于环剥部分的上端,然后在休眠期沿环剥处剪下扦插,则有利于生根。此外,对于瑞香、紫杉、日本岩柏、无花果、桂花等花木,还可带枝扦插,即在采集插条时,其基部带少许上年生枝条,有利于生根。
⑤软化处理
在插穗剪取前,先在剪取部分进行遮光处理,使其变白软化,并预先给予生根环境和刺激,促进根原组织的形成。
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