梅花花期怎么控制
梅花花期怎么控制,梅花的正常花期在初冬或早春,但可以人为地控制和调节花期。梅花花芽分化到8月份基本完成,落叶后在较低的温度下花芽生长膨大,此后花蕾的开放,主要取决于温度,如温度适宜,则12月即可开花。
如要让梅花在元旦、春节开花,只需将休眠的梅花提前15~20天移入光照较好的室内,并逐步提高温度,使温度由5~10℃升至15~20℃,并向植株适当喷水,花芽很快就会膨大露色开放。一般在梅花含苞待放时,移至温度较低的环境中,则可延长花期。
如要使梅花在“五·一”节开放,可选花芽较多的盆梅于12月上旬移人0℃左右的冷室,使它处于休眠状态。4月上旬移出冷室逐渐提高温度,并接受光照,每天往枝干上喷水,到“五·一”前后即可开花。
如要使梅花在国庆节开放,可选择宫粉等早花品种,于花后置背风向阳处,加强肥水管理,促进新梢生长。在5月中旬逐步减少浇水,使之提前结束新梢生长。6月进行扣水,并增施磷、钾肥,以促进花芽分化。7月中下旬将它逐步降温移人冷窖。保持0~5℃,且要给予一定的光照。8月底将它移出,放半阴处适应一下环境,再逐渐增加光照,这时花芽会迅速膨大,9月底就可开放。
梅花控制花期时应注意以下几个问题:
十室温小可陡然升高,需逐渐升高,否则会因叶芽萌发而造成落蕾,影响开花;
②出室后应逐步增加光照,否则花色淡,开花时间短。
③温度升高后,浇水要均匀,不能过于过湿,否则花小、色淡且易落花落蕾。催花期间需注意经常喷水,以利开花。
④花蕾现色时,施少量速效氮肥和磷、钾肥,能使花色艳丽,花期延长。
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