为什么荷花需要水又怕水
荷花是水生植物,无水则不能生存。而“怕”水是指水位过高则难以开花,甚至全株死亡。由于品种不同,对水深的要求也不同。如生长在武汉东湖的红莲,在水深1.5米时,则只见几片浮叶,立叶已全部淹于水中,无立叶便不能开花。立叶淹没10天以上,便有淹死之险,即使淹没3~5天,虽还维持生存,但当年则不易开花。
适于荷花生长的水位,一般不超过1米,中、小型花种则应在15~20厘米之间。生长季节如缺水,若泥土尚未干透(还湿润),及时灌水尚可恢复,但生长也会受到一定影响;如泥土已于至龟裂,则生长停滞、叶片枯焦,难以复生。
荷花虽赖水生长,但不同生育期对水的要求亦不相同。分栽莲藕时,水分不宜过多,分栽后也不必立即浇水,待3~5天后泥面开始稍有龟裂时,浇少量水,这时尚未萌发,水分蒸发量很小,不会因干旱而伤及植株,而且控制水量既能避免种藕飘浮,又可提高泥温,对早期生长有利。总之,早期应保持浮叶和立叶出水为准,随立叶的生长,逐渐提高水位。
夏季气温高,生长迅速,故缸栽者1~2天加水1次;盆碗莲则应每天加水。夏季所用的水,水温应与缸内温度大体相似。秋末冬初新藕形成,将进入休眠期,保持浅水即可,但又不能无水,否则新藕受干,势必对下年有所影响。总之,荷花管理中水是关键,应顺其规律行事,方能取得满意效果。
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