仙人指镰刀菌茎腐病
仙人指镰刀菌茎腐病又名仙人指萎缩病、镰刀菌茎腐病。仙人指栽培区都有不同程度发生,望造成茎腐烂,观赏价值降低。
症状:危害茎节,造成茎节腐烂,失水萎蔫而变为黄褐色,最后干枯脱落。病情严重时造成整株萎蔫腐烂死亡。该病症状应注意与花后植株休眠相区别。
发病规律:病原为真菌中的尖孢镰刀菌。仙人指幼株、接芽对此病敏感,易发病。土壤湿度大、积水时发病重。仙人掌类都可受害。
防治方法:
(1)注意栽培管理。仙人指以仙人掌作砧木嫁接或茎节扦插都可繁殖,春夏季均可。管理粗放,地栽尤是这样,惟需注意防涝。如盆栽欲使其长好开花,需常加管理,生长季节适当浇水,每年换盆换土,追施薄稀肥液;冬季保持盆土稍干燥,移放于温度不低于0℃的室内即可越冬。常年的水分管理适当控制,宁干勿过湿,尤忌积水;适当追施钾肥,注意通风透光。
(2)经常检查,发现病茎剪除,脱落的病茎节拣出园外,严重病株应拔除携出园外集中深埋,病穴内再浇福尔马林50倍液覆土1~2周消毒;剪茎伤口涂抹1%硫酸铜液。
(3)发病初期喷洒50%代森铵可湿性粉剂800倍液等。
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