花卉秋季怎么管理?
秋季气候逐渐由凉转冷,此一阶段的盆花管理应注意抓好以下几个方面:
(1)水分管理:随着气温的降低,除对秋播的草花以及秋冬或早春开花的草花,可根据每种花卉的实际需要继续正常浇水外,对于其他花卉应逐渐减少浇水次数和浇水量,避免因水肥过量而引起徒长,影响花芽分化和遭受冻害。
(2)肥料管理:入秋后,肥料管理需根据不同花卉的习性区别对待。对如文竹、吊兰、苏铁等观叶类花卉,一般每15~20天施一次稀薄叶肥,以保持叶片青翠,并能提高御寒能力;对一年开花一次的菊花、山茶、蜡梅、杜鹃等花卉,以及一些观果类花卉,如金橘、佛手和果石榴等,为促使其开花茂盛和果实丰满,也应再施1~2次以磷肥为主的稀薄液肥,否则养分不足,不仅开花少而小,还会出现落蕾现象;对一年开花多次的月季、米兰、茉莉、四季海棠等,更应继续供给肥水,使其不断开花。但对于大多数花卉来说,北方地区过了寒露之后就不再施肥了,以利于其安全越冬。
(3)适时人室:北方地区寒露后,大部分花卉都要根据抗寒力大小陆续搬人室内越冬,以免受寒害。人室具体时间因花而异,对于大多数花卉来说,天气刚一变冷,不要急于入室。因为过早入室会影响养分积累,不利于来年生长发育,同时稍晚人室有利于抗寒锻炼,提高植物的抗寒力。因此在不致受寒害的前提下,入室时间以稍迟些为好。通常情况下,君子兰、扶桑、倒挂金钟和仙人球等,待气温降到5℃左右时入室较好。盆栽葡萄、月季和无花果等,需要在-5℃条件下冷冻一段时间,促使其休眠后,再搬人室温0℃左右的室内越冬。
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