哪些花卉不宜过多浇水?
哪些花卉不宜过多浇水?仙人掌类、多浆类花草耐旱怕涝,诸如仙人球、仙人拳、芦荟、令箭荷花、落地生根等,若盆土久湿或被雨淋,最易叶腐、根烂。凡肉质根类、球根类如兰花、牡丹、芍药、君子兰、大丽花、大岩桐、吉祥草、仙客来、鹤望兰等,致死的一大原因是涝灾。有些木本花也很怕涝灾,如梅花、寿桃、桂花、杜鹃、腊梅、含笑、三角梅、南洋杉、巴西木、金边瑞香和海棠类等。若被水渍3~5天,即会生命垂危,难以挽救。
一些习性喜湿的花卉也怕水涝,如菊花、茉莉、米兰、文竹等,因盆土过湿或久被雨淋,根部容易窒息而亡。
为防止花木遭受涝灾,可以采取如下措施:
(1)怕涝的地栽花木应选好地势,栽植于高燥处,不能种植在低洼地中。
(2)对有致涝危险的地栽花木,雨季到来之前应挖好排水沟,植株根部要把培土加高,名贵的花树在培土后最好再用塑料布围起来。
(3)梅雨期间应把盆花及早搬至避雨处。若盆花数量大,来不及挪动,也要就地扳倒,以防积水。
(4)盆栽花木事先应凿大盆底的排水孔,孔上用一片窗纱盖住后,加一层枣大的砖块、炭渣或木炭块,使多余的水随时排出。地栽怕涝花木栽植之前,也应挖深树坑,坑底铺一层较厚的沙砾或炭渣,以利于渗水。
(5)对怕涝的花木浇水,一定要运用“见干见湿”的原则,尽量用多喷少灌的方法浇水。浇时既要防止“拦腰水”,又要防止盆内积水。
(6)对已受涝灾的花木,应及时把湿的土砣磕出,剔除湿泥,将植株放在阴凉通风处,适当向枝叶喷水,待植株恢复活力后,重新换土上盆。
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