怎样使大丽花不“头重脚轻”?
首先要选栽矮生品种。于4~6月,剪取矮生品种的嫩梢扦插育苗,这是使盆栽大丽花矮化的内在遗传因素。也可选取母株的腋芽或有蕾的枝条扦插,可限制植株的高度。
其次要适时换盆。一般应在幼苗长有2~3片新叶、苗高15~20厘米和20~25厘米时分别进行换盆。结合换盆,适当剪掉一些根须,但不可使盆土松散。这样,通过控制根系生长来达到减缓地上部生长的目的。
三要及时摘心。当幼苗高约8厘米时,留4片叶进行摘心,以促生分枝,控制长高。待分枝叶腋再生二次分枝时,须及时抹芽,培养成为四本大丽花,花期每枝开一朵花,共开4朵花。如欲培养独本大丽花时不可摘心,而用缓摘侧芽或疏侧枝法缓解长高。
四要控制浇水,防止淋雨,做到不干不浇,浇则浇透。对夏季中午出现的短暂萎蔫可不浇水。
五要看叶施肥。大丽花最后换盆定枝时,盆底应先放一层粗沙作排水层。大丽花生长过程中,如叶色浓绿、植株长势良好的可不施肥;叶色浅、叶片薄时应及时施肥。一般营养生长期宜施稀薄液肥,现蕾后叶面喷1~2次低浓度的磷酸二氢钾液,每枝保留一个最好的顶蕾,其余花蕾摘除,以集中营养,使开花艳丽、硕大。另外,大丽花茎杆质脆中空,高至30厘米时需立支柱,以防倒伏。
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