怎样嫁接桂花
怎样嫁接桂花,桂花是我国十大名花之一。桂花四季常青,花香浓郁,清香远溢,为百花之冠。桂花既是绿化、美化、香化环境的园林树种,又是供给香料、食品、制酒、医药等特用的经济树种。全国现有杭州、苏州、桂林、合肥等城市把桂花作为市花,需要发展苗木供不应求。桂花的繁殖方法有很多种。以前主要用种子繁殖,后代变异很大,而且开花很晚。采用嫁接繁殖,可发展优良品种,比实生苗提前6~8年开花,而且可提高抗逆性,扩大桂花的种植范围。
砧木、接穗的培养和选择
桂花砧木种类较多,目前常用的砧木有小叶女贞、女贞、流苏、小叶白蜡和桂花实生苗等。其中小叶女贞嫁接成活率高,初期生长快,但后期砧木生长出现小脚现象。嫁接时要降低接口位置,栽植时深埋土,使其产生自生根。流苏砧能提高耐寒力和抗盐碱能力。桂花实生苗嫁接亲和力最好。砧木在苗圃地育苗,一般1年生苗进行嫁接。接穗采用新鲜的粗壮枝,随采随接。
嫁接方法
一般采用春季枝接,可用插皮接和切接。为了促进接穗自生根,以基部腹接法为好。在砧木离地3~4厘米处插入接穗,接穗可不留叶片,也可以保留1~2个叶片。但插入砧木切口后要用超薄地膜包上,而后下部把地膜合成一条绳,把接口捆紧。嫁接时砧木摘心控制生长,其他叶片保留,待接穗萌发生长后再剪除接口以上的砧木,以上就是怎样嫁接桂花的方法。
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